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Effects of N-acetylcysteine on renal dysfunction in neonates undergoing the arterial switch operation.

Author(s): Aiyagari R, Gelehrter S, Bove EL, Ohye RG, Devaney EJ, Hirsch JC, Gurney JG, Charpie JR

Affiliation(s): Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, L1242 Women's/SPC 5204, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5204, USA. ranjita@umich.edu

Publication date & source: 2010-04, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg., 139(4):956-61. Epub 2009 Nov 26.

Publication type: Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated N-acetylcysteine, a potent antioxidant, as prevention for renal dysfunction in infants undergoing cardiac surgery for dextro-transposition of the great arteries. METHODS: Twenty-one neonates undergoing the arterial switch operation were randomized to receive either placebo or intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Serial data were collected on fluid balance, serum creatinine, inotropic support, cardiac output, and length of stay. RESULTS: Hospital and 30-day survival was 100%. No serious adverse events were attributable to the drug. Subjects treated with N-acetylcysteine had a higher urine output at 24 hours (175 mL vs 96 mL; P < .01) and a shorter median time to first negative fluid balance (27 hours vs 39.5 hours; P = .02). There were no differences between groups in diuretic therapy, inotropic support, fluid intake, or chest tube output. Serum creatinine increased at 24 hours after the operation by a mean of 0.27 mg/dL with placebo (P < .01) but was unchanged with N-acetylcysteine treatment. By postoperative day 3, serum creatinine increased by 92% in the placebo group but only 38% in the N-acetylcysteine group (P = .04). Length of intensive care unit stay was shorter by an average of 5 days (P = .04) with N-acetylcysteine treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, perioperative treatment with N-acetylcysteine resulted in improved urine output, shorter time to negative fluid balance, and attenuation of the rise in creatinine. These effects of N-acetylcysteine may translate to improved outcomes for infants undergoing complex cardiac operations. Copyright 2010 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page last updated: 2010-10-05

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